Interfacial Thermodynamics
 

a.  Kinetics of Gas Hydrates
 

(a)
(b)
(c)

 
 

b. Lowering of Surface Energy (Wettability Alteration to Intermediate Gas-Wetting in Gas Condensate Reservoirs)

 
water on chalk without chemical treatment water on chalk with treatment of 2.0% (wt) 
FC-722 (q = 120o)
from Li and Firoozabadi (SPE Res. Eval. & Eng., Mar. 2000) 
 
 

c. Work of Hydrate Formation

 

from Kaschiev and Firoozabadi (J. Crystal Growth, 2002)